Social Science

• The old regime and its rises.
• The socio-economic forces which led to the revolution
• Role of Philosophers and writers.
• The emergence of revolutionary groups and political clubs.
• Course of the Revolution and major events.
• The emergence of Napoleon Bonaparte as a dictator as well as a modernizer.
• The legacy-On France and on the World.

• Autocracy of the Tzars.
• Socio-economic discontent.
• The dress rehearsal of the revolution – 1905 (The Bloody Sunday).
• Course of the Revolution, Role of Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and Red Army.
• February and October Revolutions.
• Role of Lenin.
• The First World War and foundation of the Soviet State.
• Rise of the Communists and Socialists.
• The legacy – On Russia and on the World

• Why it was called a World War.
• Formation of Alliances.
• Factors leading to the World War with special reference to immediate cause.
• Course and centres of the War.
• Withdrawal of Russia and entry of U.S.A. Effects of the War.

• The Treaty of Versailles.
• Formation of League of Nations.
• Communism vs. Capitalism.
• The Great Depression (1929-33).

• Fascism and rise of Mussolini.
• Nazism and rise of Hitler.
• Character sketch of Hitler and Mussolini.
• Aggression committed by Fascist powers.
• Establishment of a racial state, crimes against humanity and Holocaust.

A. Industrialization of Europe: The Industrial Revolution

• Causes of the War with special reference to the Policy of Appeasement.
• Course of the War, entry of US and opening of the Second Front.
• End of World War-ll.
• Consequences: – Formation of the UN.
  • Emergence of Bipolar World & begining of the cold war.
  • Decolonization
  • Emergence of NAME

• Tale of two countries
  • Uganda and Costa Rica
• Phases of Democracy
  • The Beginning.
  • Phase of Decolonization.
  • Contemporary Phase (Post 1990)

• Direct and Indirect (Switzerland and S. Africa)
• Why indirect democracy?
• Forms of Democracy.
  • Parliamentary form (UK and India)
  • Presidential form (US)

• Defining Rights
• Need and evolution of rights
• Types of rights: Human Rights, Constitutional Rights, Child Rights.
• Rights and Responsibilities

• Citizens, Subjects and Aliens.
• Participation: Direct and Indirect
• Direct Participation
  • Universal Adult Franchise, Elections.
• Indirect Participation
  • Role of interest and pressure groups, public opinion and mass media.

• Origin and evolution of the Earth.
• Sources of information of the Earth’s interior
  • direct and indirect.
• Three layers of the Earth.
• Natural phenomena
  • Earthquakes : Intensity and magnitude, warning, causes and impact.
  • Tsunami: Causes and Consequences.
  • Volcanoes: Types and their effects.

• Landforms and evolution.
• Geomorphic processes: Weathering, Mass wasting, Denudation, Erosion and Deposition.
• Soil formation.

• Atmosphere: composition and structure.
• Insolation and Temperature Zones.
• Pressure belts and wind patterns.
• Precipitation and types.
• World Climate Types.

• Factors leading to climate change.
• Global Warming:
  • Causes
  • Green houses gases
  • Consequences
  • Remedies

• Concept of economic development
• Indicators of economic development:
  • National Income (Nl) approach.
  • H u m a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n d e x Approach:
    • Education
    • Health
    • Per Capita Income

• Types of Economies
  • Developed
  • Developing
• Structure of Economy
  • Free Market and Planned Economy
• Depression (1929-33)
  • Causes & Impact.
• Rise of Mixed Economy
• Challenges before the Developing Economy
  • Food Security
  • Housing
  • Health